Andreas Vesalius: um fisiatra - precursor? / Andreas Vesalius: a forerunner-physiatrics?

Introdução - o conhecimento do corpo humano sempre interessou ao homem: superposição de vértebras inspirou a pirâmide de Sakkara (2980aC); Galeno (132-200) apresentou a anatomia da época; Vesalius, publicou "De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem", descrevendo o Aparelho Locomotor (AL), com as relações corpo/habitat. Objetivos - analisar a contribuição de Vesalius para a anatomia e biomecânica corporais. Método - analisamos textos e desenhos da Fabrica. Resultados - esqueletos e corpos são vistos "em movimento". Conclusões - Vesalius estabeleceu as bases da biomecânica úteis ao diagnóstico e tratamento das lesões do AL, merecendo os títulos de Pai da Anatomia Moderna e de Fisiatra-Precursor

Andreae Vesalii: the bones and muscles

The historical references are taken from Aristoteles (384-322 a C) considered the father of Kinesiology, and Claudius Galenus from Pergamon (131-201), the first team doctor. Both menïs studies shared the same objective: functional-anatomic aspects related to the Locomotive System. Although there were several descriptive anatomic studies of bones and muscles, it was Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), whom most significantly contributed to the development of a new methodology for the lectures of Anatomy, with the setting up of skeletons and dissection of bodies during his lessons. Objectives: the aim of this paper is study the description of bones and muscles from the Vesalius works. We search Vesaliusïs publications, specially "De Humani Corporis Fabrica Liber Septem (1543). Results: Bones and muscles were studied by Vesalius in 1st and 2nd chapters of his Fabrica. He described: scapula; incus and malleus; pre-maxillar; mandible; hyoid; vertebrae; sphenoid; clavicle; bones of the carpus; sternum (with three bones); os vesalianum. The author defines the muscles shown in the Fabrica as full of life. These are contracted muscles, giving the presentation a anatomic-functional aspects, which is referred as an essential contribution payed by Vesalius. He described the muscles choanoides and the rectus of abdomen, and determined the action of tendons and muscles. It ïs evident the interest of Vesalius by bones and muscles. The artistic aspects were realized by Johann Stephan Kalkar which is able to show bones and muscles in action. We can conclude the importance of the findings of Vesalius to the modern Human Anatomy even though some of the descriptions and definitions have changed over time

The anatomy of the lingual foramen canal and its related to the mandibular symphysis

Se realizó un estudio de 116 hemimandíbulas humanas (58 dentadas y 58 edentadas) pertenecientes al Laboratorio de Anatomía del Movimiento, del Departamento de Anatomía de la Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A través de cortes en la región de la sínfisis mandibular se determinaron las relaciones entre foramen y canal lingual de la mandíbula y las superficies anterior y posterior de la sínfisis. Se midió el largo alvéolo-basal (A), la distancia entre el término del canal y las superficies bucal (B1), lingual (B2), basal (C) y alveolar (D) de las hemimandíbulas. Los valores medios del largo de la sínfisis (A) presentaron el mayor coeficiente de variación. Las medidas B1, B2, C y D mostraron pequeñas diferencias entre mandíbulas dentadas y edentadas, pero un alto coeficiente de variación. Fueron establecidos valores morfométricos para sínfisis de mandíbulas de individuos brasileños, de tal modo que puedan ser utilizados en la planificación de cirugías e implantes orales oseointegrados y además permitan correlacionar estos valores con los obtenidos por otros autores